
Managers in public administration direct the development, implementation, and evaluation of government policies, research, and programs and manage/control human and financial resources.
A. Government managers in health and social fields are concerned with the protection/promotion of health and social welfare for individuals/communities.
B. Government managers in the field of economics are involved in areas such as taxation, labour markets, transportation, international trade, and business development.
C. Government managers in educational fields deal with elementary, high school, community college, and university education.
D. Other government public administration managers direct the operations of legislatures and other activities such as intergovernmental affairs and elections.

1. Public administration - 77.0%
2. Health care and social assistance - 8.0%
3. Other services (except public administration) - 3.0%

1. You need a bachelor's degree related to your work and you may also need a graduate degree for many of these positions.
2. You usually need several years' experience in your profession or government experience in specific areas of policy development, research or program administration.
3. To be a manager in health and social policy, you may need a college diploma, rather than a university degree, in your field of work.
4. To be a manager in health policy and program administration, you may need certification in a health profession. For example, city medical officers of health must be physicians.
5. To be a manager in educational policy and program administration, you must have a provincial/territorial teaching certificate.
6. With experience, you may move up the ranks to become a senior manager.

1. Math
2. English
3. Business
4. Computer-related courses

Hourly wages ($35.26) are above the national average ($18.07). These earnings are above the average for occupations in the social science, education, government service and religion sector. These wages grew at an above-average rate from 2002 to 2004.

2% of Managers in Public Administration are unemployed. This rate is below the average for management occupations.

The job outlook for Managers in Public Administration is considered Above Average because:
1. Employment grew at an above-average rate.
2. The retirement rate is above average, and the number of retiring workers contributes to job openings.
3. Hourly wages ($35.26) are above the average ($18.07), and the rate of wage growth is also above average.
4. The unemployment rate (2%) is below the 2004 average (7%).

Your job outlook will continue to be Above Average because:
1. The employment growth rate will likely be below average.
2. The retirement rate will likely be above average and the number of retiring workers should contribute to job openings.
3. The number of job openings will likely exceed the number of job seekers.

The highest concentrations (per 10,000 people) of Managers in Public Administration are found in Quebec and Prince Edward Island while the lowest concentrations are in Newfoundland and British Columbia.

The unionization rate (57%) is above the average (32%) for all occupations.

1. Leadership
2. Business management skills
3. Researching

