1. In general, you usually need a college or university degree in your area of work. In some instances, you may substitute appropriate work experience for educational qualifications.
2. To be a manufacturing manager, you usually need a college diploma or university degree in engineering or business administration. You must also have five- to ten-years' supervisory experience in manufacturing.
3. To be a utilities manager, you usually need a college diploma or university degree in an appropriate field. For example, managers of transmission lines need to complete an electrical engineering program, and water supply managers require a program in water resource technology.
4. As a utilities manager, you also need several years' supervisory experience in a related utilities operations department.
5. Utilities managers involved in the transmission and distribution of electrical power, natural gas, and heating oil usually require certification as a professional engineer (P.Eng.).
6. Many recent entrants have an undergraduate university degree, and almost 3 in 10 have a graduate degree.


